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Real-World Takeoff Performance

1) A Piper PA-32R-300 Lance attempted to take off from a 3200-foot-long grass runway on a June morning with flaps retracted. It lifted off at the end of the runway, then descended into a shallow valley, touched down and lifted off a second time, before settling back to the ground and colliding with a barbed-wire fence. It was later determined to have been 188 pounds over its maximum gross weight with its center of gravity 0.15 inches aft of limits. Density altitude was about 1800 feet above field elevation.

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Many takeoff accidents result from pilots misjudging aircraft performance, often due to failing to account for critical factors like weight, density altitude, and runway conditions.
  • Aircraft POH performance figures are frequently optimistic; pilots should personally test their aircraft to establish realistic takeoff and climb capabilities and add generous safety margins.
  • Extra vigilance and precise calculations are crucial for modified aircraft, those with outdated manuals, and high-density altitude operations, where performance illusions can lead to dangerous errors.
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Time for a pop quiz: What do these three accidents have in common? (Our descriptions omit the phrase “the pilot of” as redundant.)

1) A Piper PA-32R-300 Lance attempted to take off from a 3200-foot-long grass runway on a June morning with flaps retracted. It lifted off at the end of the runway, then descended into a shallow valley, touched down and lifted off a second time, before settling back to the ground and colliding with a barbed-wire fence. It was later determined to have been 188 pounds over its maximum gross weight with its center of gravity 0.15 inches aft of limits. Density altitude was about 1800 feet above field elevation.

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