Aircraft Engine Induction Systems

From the beginning of our primary training, we learn how to check our airplanes fuel quantity and quality, and how to position various controls to ensure the engine starts and stays running. We know we can turn the fuel off and on, and perhaps select from which tank the engine will draw, but what happens after that often is a mystery. Whats going on between the fuel selector valve and the engine?

Editorial Staff

Wednesday, February 17, 2016 at 12:00 AM ET

Verified

Key Takeaways:

Piston aircraft engines primarily use either simpler, less powerful carburetors or more complex, higher-horsepower fuel injection systems to mix fuel and air for combustion.
Carburetors are notably susceptible to internal icing, requiring pilot intervention with carb heat, while fuel injection systems are immune to carb icing but can experience external induction icing.
Carbureted engines typically have easier hot starts, whereas fuel-injected engines are prone to hot-start issues due to fuel vaporization in their lines, potentially requiring specific procedures or leading to difficulties.

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From the beginning of our primary training, we learn how to check our airplane’s fuel quantity and quality, and how to position various controls to ensure the engine starts and stays running. We know we can turn the fuel off and on, and perhaps select from which tank the engine will draw, but what happens after that often is a mystery. What’s going on between the fuel selector valve and the engine?

The quick answer is one of two things: The fuel either flows into a carburetor where it mixes with air and then is routed to each cylinder, or it moves through a more-complicated fuel injection system before getting to the cylinders. The air arrives separately. Both systems meter fuel and air to the engine, are reliable and work well. But they each have their quirks, and knowing how they work and can fail is critical to a full understanding of the airplane’s systems.