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The Importance of Wingspan Can’t Be Underestimated

In the drive toward greater airplane efficiency, we must remember the wingspan's the thing.

Increased wingspan—other things remaining the same—rewards you with better efficiency and climb rate, and improved high-altitude performance. [iStock]
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Modern aircraft design trends, driven by fuel costs and higher cruising altitudes, favor longer wingspans and higher aspect ratios for improved aerodynamic efficiency.
  • The author's personal aircraft, Melmoth 2, demonstrated that a significantly longer wingspan yielded substantial theoretical improvements in lift-to-drag ratio, range, and climb rate compared to its shorter-winged predecessor.
  • Despite significant theoretical gains, the practical fuel efficiency benefits of longer wings at typical cruising speeds are more modest, and they come with trade-offs like reduced maneuverability or slower roll rates.
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Unless you are the civilian owner of an F-14, you cannot change the wingspan of your airplane. If you’re a manufacturer, however, you can, and the same privilege extends to that miniature of a manufacturer, the amateur builder. Extending span requires adding strength to the spar or finding unnoticed extra strength in an existing spar. Or you can just start over and build a new wing from scratch.

Recent years have seen a general drift toward longer spans and higher aspect ratios. The Beechcraft Bonanza has a span of 33.5 feet and an aspect ratio of 6.2; the Cirrus SR22, which might be seen as today’s Bonanza, has a span of more than 38 feet and an aspect ratio of 10.1. The trend is generally toward greater aerodynamic efficiency, partly in response to fuel costs and partly because the increasing use of turbocharging leads to higher cruising altitudes, where longer wings are more at home.

Peter Garrison

Peter Garrison taught himself to use a slide rule and tin snips, built an airplane in his backyard, and flew it to Japan. He began contributing to FLYING in 1968, and he continues to share his columns, ""Technicalities"" and ""Aftermath,"" with FLYING readers.

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