At one time or another, we’ve all passed an FAA knowledge test requiring us to calculate aircraft performance for various phases of flight, such as takeoff, cruise and landing. Even though we’ve been trained and tested on our ability to interpolate the answer down to the foot, mile, minute or gallon, these calculations alone don’t ensure we’re always operating the aircraft prudently. For one thing, they don’t account for poor technique, worn equipment or errors.
Effective risk management requires us to go further and build in what some might call a fudge factor, something that, for example, helps us compensate for less-than-perfect technique. We can do that in various ways, including regular training and practicing maximum-performance takeoffs and landings, carrying more fuel, opting for the longest runway available and avoiding non-cooperative weather. Whether we realize it or not, we establish safety margins, allowing us to err in performing the maneuver or its calculations yet still complete the operation. I call them performance margins.
