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Winter on Watch

Broad-scale weather patterns impact the Eastern U.S. in the colder months.

As the large-scale weather patterns transition from the hurricane season, pilots' thoughts turn to colder events. [Adobe Stock]
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Key Takeaways:

  • The Southeastern U.S. transitions to a cold season with amplified weather patterns, bringing increased frontal activity, potential for wintry precipitation, and widespread icing conditions, alongside continued occasional severe convection.
  • Nor'easters, classified as Miller Type A or B, are major winter storms prevalent from October to April, delivering significant weather like heavy snow, flooding rain, ice, and sometimes severe thunderstorms across the East Coast and Appalachians.
  • The Appalachian Mountains frequently generate mountain waves, especially from October to May, which can cause significant altitude fluctuations (upwash/downwash) for aircraft due to strong perpendicular winds and atmospheric stability, with rare instances of severe turbulence.
  • Pilots should expect stronger surface winds in the cold season, requiring enhanced crosswind landing competency, though the cold, dense air provides improved aircraft performance and generally better visibility.
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Southeast Start

As convective SIGMETs morph into G-AIRMETs for airframe ice, pilots flying in the Southeastern U.S., including the southern Appalachians, should expect a marked change from summertime weather as the upper-air pattern amplifies, the fall colors wane, and the cold season approaches. October and November are what meteorologists call transition months as the jetstream migrates south out of Canada.

With each passing month during the winter, the in-creasing upper-level flow reaches well into the Deep South. The freezing level transitions from the lower flight levels in September to near the surface by the early part of December over a large portion of the northern tier of states—as forecast discussions are dominated by uncertainty about the precipitation type that will reach the surface.

Scott Dennstaedt, Ph.D

Scott resides in Charlotte, North Carolina, and flies regularly throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast U.S. He is a CFI and former NWS meteorologist. Scott is the author of "The Skew-T log (p) and Me: A Primer for Pilots" and the founder of EZWxBrief.

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