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Landing on Wet and Snowy Runways

Dan Moore
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Published landing distances are based on dry conditions and test pilot skills, requiring pilots to add a safety margin even then.
  • Contaminated runways significantly extend required landing distances, with specific multiplication factors: 1.3-1.4 for wet, 2.0-2.3 for standing water/slush, 1.6-1.7 for snow, and 3.5-4.5 for icy conditions.
  • These factors, provided by the Flight Safety Foundation, should be applied to the normal landing distance.
  • Pilots must also consider other factors like runway slope and wind, and add an additional FAA-recommended minimum 15 percent safety margin after calculating for contaminated conditions.
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For many parts of the country, spring is here or at least it’s getting close. But winter conditions still prevail in some areas. The northeast got hit hard last week, resulting in a Delta Airlines MD-88 ending up on the side of the runway. Water and snow have a great impact on landing performance. Here are some guidelines that you can follow to help you stay on the tarmac.

The landing distances published in the pilot’s operating handbook for various density altitudes are based on dry conditions and test pilot skills. Regardless of how good the conditions are, you should not attempt to land at a runway that is as short as the published takeoff and landing distances. You should know your limits and add a few hundred feet for good measure even if the surface is dry.

Pia Bergqvist

Pia Bergqvist joined FLYING in December 2010. A passionate aviator, Pia started flying in 1999 and quickly obtained her single- and multi-engine commercial, instrument and instructor ratings. After a decade of working in general aviation, Pia has accumulated almost 3,000 hours of flight time in nearly 40 different types of aircraft.

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