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How the Douglas Aircraft Company Created the DC-3, Part 1

Was it the greatest airplane of its time—or all time?

Twelve TWA DC-3s and DC-2s lined up at Newark Airport in the late 1930s. [Courtesy: airhistory.net]
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Key Takeaways:

  • The Douglas DC-3 is celebrated as a transformative aircraft that made air travel popular and airline profits possible without relying on government mail subsidies.
  • In the early 1930s, the airline industry faced challenges with unprofitable aircraft and safety, prompting TWA to issue rigorous requirements for a new, advanced airliner after Boeing's 247 gave United an advantage.
  • Donald Douglas's company responded by developing the DC-1, an innovative aircraft that, after refinements, met TWA's demanding specifications, including single-engine takeoff capability at high altitudes.
  • The subsequent DC-2, a larger, faster, and more luxurious evolution of the DC-1, quickly surpassed the Boeing 247, setting new precedents for passenger comfort and transcontinental air travel.
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According to Boeing (NYSE: BA), which through acquisitions owns what began as the Douglas Aircraft Company, “The Douglas DC-3, which made air travel popular and airline profits possible, is universally recognized as the greatest airplane of its time. Some would argue that it is the greatest of all time.” While it might sound biased, many would agree. 

The DC-3 was not only comfortable and reliable, it also made air transportation profitable. C.R. Smith—who is considered one of the giants of  U.S. airline history—became the president of American Airlines following the reorganization of American Airways into the new company. Smith was significantly involved in the airplane’s evolution from the beginnings of the Douglas Commercial series. According to simpleflying.com, Smith said the DC-3 was the first airplane that could make money just by hauling passengers, without relying on government mail subsidies. 

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