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Beware the Night Witches: The All-Female Pilot Crew Who Struck Fear into Nazis

During World War II, these women were believed to be "ghost" pilots.

A stamp printed by Russia which shows Marina Raskova, a Soviet pilot- and the commander of the "Night Witches." [File Photo: Shutterstock]
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Key Takeaways:

  • The Soviet Union formed the all-women 588th Night Bomber Regiment (later the 46th “Taman" Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment) in 1941, following a proposal by Major Marina Raskova, to conduct harassment and tactical bombing during WWII.
  • These volunteer women pilots flew primitive, open-cockpit Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes made of plywood and fabric, which offered minimal protection, lacked modern navigation and communication, and often required flying without parachutes.
  • Their unique tactics, such as silent glide attacks by cutting engines to hand-toss bombs, combined with the unnerving discovery by German soldiers that these pilots were women, led to them being nicknamed "die Nachthexen" or "Night Witches."
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Stories of heroes with almost superhuman abilities are not new aerial combat. During World War II, German soldiers on the Russian Front talked about supernatural women pilots who terrorized them on the front lines.

At the time, women were banned from combat. However, when Adolf Hitler launched the offensive against Russia, Major Marina Raskova—the first woman in the Soviet Union to earn national attention as a pilot, navigator, and aviation record-setter—approached Joseph Stalin with the suggestion of training women for aerial combat. The 588th Night Bomber Regiment, known later as the 46th “Taman” Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, of the Soviet Air Force was created in October of 1941. These aerial units were made up of women in the late teens and early 20s. All were volunteers. Their mission: harassment and tactical bombing.

Meg Godlewski

Meg Godlewski has been an aviation journalist for more than 24 years and a CFI for more than 20 years. If she is not flying or teaching aviation, she is writing about it. Meg is a founding member of the Pilot Proficiency Center at EAA AirVenture and excels at the application of simulation technology to flatten the learning curve. Follow Meg on Twitter @2Lewski.

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