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Avoiding The Slip-Slide

Photo Credits: Nadezda Murmakova / Dreamstime.com
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Contaminated runways, defined by over 25% coverage of frost, ice, snow, slush, or water, present significant hazards such as increased drag, reduced braking action, and higher risks of overruns or excursions during takeoff and landing.
  • Pilots are required to use objective information from the FAA's Runway Condition Matrix (RCAM), disseminated via Notams (FICON), to understand specific runway conditions (codes 0-6) and adjust performance calculations and operational decisions accordingly.
  • Effective risk mitigation involves thorough flight planning, adherence to proper operating techniques for taxi, takeoff (e.g., decision points), and landing (e.g., on-speed, early braking), maintaining personal minimums, and vigilance against rapidly changing conditions like flash freezes.
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One of my favorite aspects of winter is the peaceful calm after fresh snowfall. The snow softens all sound, and the undisturbed scene looks beautiful. Coincidentally, this is one of my least favorite things to encounter as a pilot. When I am flying, I much prefer the sight of snow removal equipment and clear blacktop. If you regularly fly in winter weather, you might be used to landing on something other than clear, clean pavement.

Contaminated runways incur several hazards. On takeoff, they can exert additional drag on wheels and tires, preventing normal acceleration to lift-off speed and dramatically increasing stopping distance in the event of an aborted takeoff. On landing, the reduced friction can result in overruns and other unintentional runway departures. Let’s explore what you can do about contaminated runways and what to look for.

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