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Mitigating Pilot Deviations

Pilot deviations, from minor mistakes to serious errors, have myriad reasons. All can be mitigated with risk management.

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Key Takeaways:

  • Pilot Deviations (PDs) occur when pilots violate ATC instructions, FARs, or Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ), leading to potential penalties ranging from remedial training to certificate suspension.
  • Pilots are given immediate "Brasher Notifications" for possible PDs to help recall details, advising a cooperative, factual approach when discussing the incident with ATC.
  • PDs are categorized as ground-based (e.g., runway incursions, wrong surface events) or airborne (e.g., airspace violations), often stemming from distractions, miscommunication, poor planning, and hazardous attitudes.
  • Prevention involves risk management strategies like active listening, meticulous preflight and taxi planning, maintaining a sterile cockpit, and utilizing the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) for potential immunity from FAA penalties for inadvertent violations.
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Imagine you’ve just landed, taxied off the runway and hear the tower controller say to you, “Possible pilot deviation. Advise you contact (the ATC facility) at (phone number).” Following that exchange, you dutifully copy the phone number with the anxiety of having to make a dreaded phone call to an ATC supervisor. You then ask yourself, “Pilot deviation? What is that and what did I do wrong?”

A pilot deviation (PD) occurs when a pilot takes some action that violates ATC instructions, a FAR or an Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ). A PD can range from an unintentional, innocuous mistake to an intentional, deliberate pilot action resulting in a serious matter. If found culpable, and depending on circumstances, pilot penalties for a PD can include remedial flight instruction from a flight instructor, a “709” checkride (re-examination of pilot skills) and enforcement actions (certificate suspension or revocation). The phrase “possible pilot deviation” is a Brasher Notification, putting the pilot on notice of a possible violation. The sidebar on the opposite page has more on Brasher Notifications.

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