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Those Shifty Winds

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The article clarifies the meteorological terms "veering" (clockwise wind shift) and "backing" (counter-clockwise wind shift), explaining that these changes in wind direction with height or time are primarily caused by either thermal advection or surface friction.
  • Within the planetary boundary layer, surface friction causes winds to decelerate and typically back (turn counter-clockwise) with decreasing height, with this shift generally ranging from 20 to 30 degrees over land.
  • Despite these predictable forces, daily heating and subsequent mixing within the boundary layer introduce significant turbulence and chaotic, short-term wind variations, often overwhelming the more gradual backing and making precise wind behavior difficult for pilots to anticipate during descent.
See a mistake? Contact us.

An excellent article by editor Frank Bowlin on ILS technique appeared in the February issue. A small error led to some confusion, and IFR embarked on a quest for accuracy. That quest got stymied with some faulty background. We thank astute readers for returning us to the righteous path. I’ll now clear away all confusion and help you understand in great detail which way the wind shifts, and why.

Definitions
When talking about wind shear, it’s important to be thoroughly familiar with the terms “veering” and “backing”. Veering is a clockwise change in the wind direction, normally in terms of increasing height or with time. Good practice is to carefully qualify all measures of veering to avoid confusion. For example if the winds are from the south at the surface and from the west aloft, that’s described as a wind profile that “veers with height.”

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