Register

Surface Charts

Let’s take a closer look at the most commonly used type of weather chart and learn what it can tell us.

This surface plot with a radar overlay includes a sample plot at Provincetown (lower right). (NOAA/AWC)
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Surface charts are fundamental aviation weather tools, providing concise, frequently updated observational data primarily from METAR reports, making them essential for flight planning.
  • Each chart is composed of standardized data plots that visually represent local weather conditions including cloud cover, wind speed and direction, air temperature, dew point, pressure, and present weather.
  • Pilots can interpret key information such as flight categories (indicated by color), wind conditions, and potential for fog or precipitation by understanding the relationship between air temperature and dew point.
  • Beyond individual station data, these charts can be enhanced with additional layers like radar and satellite imagery, or used for surface analysis (e.g., drawing isobars) to provide a more comprehensive weather picture.
See a mistake? Contact us.

Our December 2023 issue introduced some Aviation Weather Center charts and discussed how to work up a complete diagnosis of the weather. Last October, the Aviation Weather Center overhauled their website and introduced a new series of charts. Using these updated graphics, we’ll discuss surface maps in more detail. Hopefully by the end of this article we will make you an expert at reading surface charts and maximizing the information you get from them.

And it’s time well spent, because we’re in the era of digital data, where pilots are exposed to countless different kinds of weather information. The surface chart is a core chart where the weather briefing begins, and it represents the highest level of availability of “hard data” available to both forecasters and pilots. It is easy to understand and is never more than an hour old. Next to radar and satellite, it’s the best tool you can use.

Ready to Sell Your Aircraft?

List your airplane on AircraftForSale.com and reach qualified buyers.

List Your Aircraft
AircraftForSale Logo | FLYING Logo
Pilot in aircraft
Sign-up for newsletters & special offers!

Get the latest stories & special offers delivered directly to your inbox.

SUBSCRIBE