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More Chart Reading

Learn some tips and tricks from a veteran aviation forecaster about what to look for on even those basic weather charts.

This example chart is analyzed in the article.
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Forecasters interpret aviation charts by initially identifying "trouble spots" through visual cues like stacked colors, patterns, and symbols indicating conditions such as AIRMETs, storms, smoke, or visibility issues.
  • They analyze wind barbs and flow patterns to understand air mass movements, distinguishing between types like warm, moist maritime tropical air from the Gulf and cold, dry continental polar air from Canada.
  • This analysis allows them to infer atmospheric processes such as advection, fronts, and pressure systems, directly linking them to potential weather phenomena like fog, thunderstorms, or lake-effect snow, based on air mass interactions and stability.
  • The overall approach involves building a comprehensive mental model of the weather by connecting visual chart data with fundamental meteorological principles like differential advection and air mass classification.
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Come on in and pull up a chair. From time to time when I worked the forecast desk I used to get curious pilots wandering in with questions. Usually it was a B-1B Lancer crewmember who was delayed by a crowd of other pilots at the base operations counter. Since the weather station was 20 feet away it provided them with an opportune time to get all those questions answered that popped up at 30,000 feet.

One of the more interesting questions I’ve occasionally had is about our charts. Not what the markings mean, but what do we see? What are we thinking when we look at those charts? While there’s no way we can cover all the basics in this article, one thing I can do is walk you through a chart sequence and explain how it all comes together. The basics aren’t really that difficult so I’m confident you can learn a few things too.

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