Air traffic controllers are fallible and can make mistakes; pilots must always "trust, but verify" all clearances and instructions.
Pilots bear the ultimate responsibility for flight safety and must possess strong situational awareness to question or refuse unsafe or illogical instructions, using "unable" when necessary.
Maintaining constant vigilance, cross-referencing clearances with charts (e.g., minimum safe altitudes), and knowing regulations are critical components of defensive flying to prevent accidents.
Controllers are just like pilots: All are human and make mistakes. Most aregood, know the rules, do everything they can to make your flight efficientand safe, and make sensible judgments. Only a tiny fraction are highly paidchair-warmers too lazy or bored to have opened the book (FAA Order 7110.65)for a refresher on the finer points of their craft.
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