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Clearing Your Turns

See and avoid remains the primary collision-avoidance method, but merely looking where you’re going isn’t enough. 

Photo: Joseph E. Burnside
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • While the FAA doesn't mandate a specific clearing turn procedure, it critically emphasizes "proper and effective visual scanning techniques" to ensure the area is clear of traffic before and during maneuvers.
  • An effective clearing procedure is a multi-step process requiring careful area selection, continuous and active visual scanning (including compensating for aircraft blind spots like wing placement), and methodical techniques to overcome human vision limitations.
  • Pilots should employ systematic scanning methods, incorporate head movement to maximize visibility, and use tools like ADS-B traffic displays as supplementary advisory aids rather than replacements for thorough visual clearing.
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Anyone who has gone through primary training and progressed as far as doing airwork—slow-flight, stalls, ground-reference maneuvers, etc.—should be familiar with at least the concept of a clearing turn. In its most-common flavor, the airplane is turned 90 degrees in one direction and then another 90 degrees in the other direction. In between those turns, while flying more or less straight-and-level, we’re supposed to look for potential traffic before reversing the turn and initiating the planned maneuver.

Of course, as with almost all things in aviation, there’s a right way and a wrong way to perform a task, and looking for traffic while performing a clearing turn qualifies. Meanwhile, the “clearing turn” itself also could use some amplification, not least because it’s really two turns. And we should probably take a moment to pay attention to what we’re turning toward before even beginning the clearing turn. Just like rain on your wedding day, wouldn’t it be ironic to collide with another airplane during a clearing turn?

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