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Visual Approach Risks

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Visual approaches, while efficient, pose significant safety risks such as Class B airspace excursions for large aircraft and wrong surface landings, often due to compromised visual judgment or complex airspace.
  • An additional risk arises when pilots utilize automated landing capabilities (coupled approach/autoland) during visual approaches without informing ATC, potentially leading to ILS signal interference if critical areas are not protected.
  • The FAA recommends pilots judiciously evaluate accepting visual approaches, consider instrument approaches when practicable, and always communicate intentions (e.g., autoland use) to ATC to mitigate these identified hazards.
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The visual approach is by far the most-used method for pilots of IFR aircraft to find their way to the destination. Compared to the typical published approach procedure, a visual approach can save several miles and several minutes, not to mention several pounds/gallons of fuel. When the weather allows, it’s the approach clearance of choice for both ATC and operators.

But visual approaches are not without their risks, especially at night or when pilots and crews “push” a little too hard on whether they have the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight and can maintain that visual reference. And when approaching visually to Class B International, some transports are exiting the Bravo airspace, contrary to the FARs. At the same time, crews flying suitably equipped aircraft often are cleared for and fly a visual approach clearance while employing the aircraft’s automation capabilities to “land itself” with a coupled approach or autoland. Mayhem can ensue if ATC isn’t aware of your plans.

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