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The Severe Storm

Keri Decker captured the landing on video YouTube screen shot
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Thunderstorms are driven by convection, with instability (warm air rising into cold) and moisture (high dewpoint) being fundamental for their formation, best measured by CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) for storm potential and DCAPE for downdrafts.
  • Vertical wind shear and helicity are critical for the development of organized, severe storms, including supercells and tornadoes, contributing to their structure, rotation, and persistence.
  • Pilots can assess storm strength by observing visual cues like hard, cauliflower-like cloud tops, broad rain-free bases, and "anvil crawler" lightning, and should utilize resources such as the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlooks, mesoscale discussions, and current satellite/radar imagery for forecasting.
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Strong thunderstorms are one of the places aviation and fear often intersect. And for good reason: severe storms have led to countless disasters, perhaps the most famous one being the Delta L-1011 crash at DFW Airport in 1985. That tragedy brought far-reaching consequences to flight training programs and ATC equipment, and led to advances in the field of meteorology.

You can read a lot about thunderstorms online and see all sorts of storm video and tornado footage on YouTube, but in this article I’ll draw on my experience as a flight forecaster, my radar and forecast training, and my decade-long foray into storm chasing, which gave me a look at things under the hood. I’ve distilled here some of the most useful fundamentals that are useful to pilots. Hopefully you’ll come away with a more detailed knowledge of what you’re up against when things are looking rough out there.

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