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Minimum Altitudes

Mark Baker at the AOPA Fly-In earlier this year. Mark Baker AOPA
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The article differentiates between common charted IFR altitudes and less familiar "uncharted" ones: Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) for terminal areas and Minimum Instrument Altitude (MIA) for Center airspace.
  • MVAs and MIAs are controller-specific altitudes, often lower than published minimums, used by ATC for obstacle clearance (MVA requires radar, MIA does not).
  • While MVA/MIA charts are available from the FAA, they are difficult for pilots to use directly due to formatting and are officially "Not for Navigation," creating a debate around their inclusion in pilot EFBs.
  • Knowing about MVAs and MIAs provides pilots with valuable options to inquire with ATC for potentially lower altitudes in situations like icing, offering flexibility not apparent on standard flight charts.
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Instrument training is littered with acronyms and abbreviations. Altitudes like MEA, MCA, MOCA, OROCA can end up being the bane of students. And that’s just the en-route altitudes. When we get into the terminal environment, we then have the procedural MEAs on SIDs and STARs and, of course, the minimum—and sometime maximum—altitudes for the various segments of instrument approaches, from TAA to procedure turn to intermediate leg to FAF crossing to MDA (or DA) and finally the missed approach altitudes.

Charted IFR Altitudes

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