Pitot-Static Systems

No matter how much automation we fly behind, no matter how many air-data computers are installed and no matter how simple it is, it’s likely a pitot-static system—pretty much like the one Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic—is what generates airspeed and some other basic flight information aboard the aircraft we fly. These systems are relatively simple, consisting of basic sensors, some plumbing and sensitive instrumentation. The difference in air pressure does all the work.

Key Takeaways:

• Pitot-static systems, though simple, are critical for basic flight information (airspeed, altitude, VSI); their failures, if not properly recognized, can lead to catastrophic accidents like Northwest Airlines Flight 6231 and Air France Flight 447.
• A blocked pitot tube primarily causes the airspeed indicator to erroneously display increasing airspeed with altitude, often leading pilots to incorrectly reduce pitch and inadvertently stall the aircraft.
• A blocked static port differently affects instruments: the altimeter and vertical speed indicator will freeze, while the airspeed indicator will show speeds slower than actual in a climb and faster in a descent.
• Pilots must understand these distinct failure modes, utilize available remedies like pitot heat or alternate static sources, cross-reference other instruments for accurate information, and ensure regular system maintenance to prevent blockages.

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