Register

Surface Charts

Let’s take a closer look at the most commonly used type of weather chart and learn what it can tell us.

This surface plot with a radar overlay includes a sample plot at Provincetown (lower right). (NOAA/AWC)
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Surface charts are fundamental, easy-to-understand weather tools for pilots and forecasters, primarily constructed from readily available hourly METAR data.
  • These charts present critical weather information through standardized data plots, detailing elements such as cloud cover, wind direction and speed, air and dew point temperatures, pressure, present weather, and visibility.
  • Beyond individual plots, pilots can enhance their weather understanding by applying basic surface analysis techniques (e.g., sketching IFR/MVFR areas) and by integrating additional data layers like radar or satellite imagery.
See a mistake? Contact us.

Our December 2023 issue introduced some Aviation Weather Center charts and discussed how to work up a complete diagnosis of the weather. Last October, the Aviation Weather Center overhauled their website and introduced a new series of charts. Using these updated graphics, we’ll discuss surface maps in more detail. Hopefully by the end of this article we will make you an expert at reading surface charts and maximizing the information you get from them.

And it’s time well spent, because we’re in the era of digital data, where pilots are exposed to countless different kinds of weather information. The surface chart is a core chart where the weather briefing begins, and it represents the highest level of availability of “hard data” available to both forecasters and pilots. It is easy to understand and is never more than an hour old. Next to radar and satellite, it’s the best tool you can use.

Ready to Sell Your Aircraft?

List your airplane on AircraftForSale.com and reach qualified buyers.

List Your Aircraft
AircraftForSale Logo | FLYING Logo
Pilot in aircraft
Sign-up for newsletters & special offers!

Get the latest stories & special offers delivered directly to your inbox.

SUBSCRIBE