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Formation Flying

Jim Bryant
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Formation flying is a highly specialized and risky skill requiring extensive, disciplined training well beyond minimum legal requirements.
  • The Formation and Safety Team (FAST) offers an FAA-recognized, comprehensive training and certification program ("FAST card") that includes rigorous ground school, flight tests, and annual currency checks, essential for safe formation flight, particularly in airshows.
  • Pilots attempting formation flight must possess exceptional basic aircraft handling proficiency and strictly adhere to detailed preflight briefings and communication protocols to mitigate inherent risks.
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I was sad to read an article in the Houston Chronicle this week reporting that a pilot died after colliding with another airplane near Lake Conroe outside of Houston, Texas. The report said the two airplanes were flying as part of a formation flight of seven homebuilt airplanes. While I have no knowledge of the pilots’ level of formation flying experience or why they collided, I do know that this type of flying is a skill that requires a lot of training. By that I don’t mean any practice, but training obtained by a highly skilled formation flying instructor.

Formation instruction is not legally required. FAR §91.111, which governs operations near other airplanes, states that: “No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft in the formation.” This minimum legal requirement for formation flight should be obvious, but apparently pilots have been foolish enough to fly in formation without prior communication with the other pilot or pilots. A very thorough and detailed briefing covering objectives, limitations, frequencies, and procedural details for each segment of the flight from startup to shutdown is necessary so that all the pilots in the formation (whether they’re two or 20) know exactly what to expect during the flight.

Pia Bergqvist

Pia Bergqvist joined FLYING in December 2010. A passionate aviator, Pia started flying in 1999 and quickly obtained her single- and multi-engine commercial, instrument and instructor ratings. After a decade of working in general aviation, Pia has accumulated almost 3,000 hours of flight time in nearly 40 different types of aircraft.

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