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Non-Precision Stability

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The FAA's philosophy for non-precision approaches has shifted from the "dive and drive" method (steep descent to MDA, then level flight) to a "stabilized constant-angle descent" from the Final Approach Fix (FAF) to the Missed Approach Point (MAP).
  • This change aims to enhance safety and situational awareness by minimizing flight path variables, promoting a constant descent rate, speed, and configuration throughout the final approach segment.
  • While beneficial, executing a precise constant-angle descent without electronic glidepath guidance requires significant in-cockpit calculations for varying conditions and approach geometries, potentially necessitating multiple constant-angle segments or intermediate level-offs due to step-down fixes.
  • The author, acknowledging the benefits of stability, expresses reservations about the constant math requirement and suggests a more pragmatic approach using a few standardized power/pitch/vertical speed configurations for different descent rates to simplify execution and ensure arrival at MDA before the MAP.
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I presented a webinar recently about techniques for flying stabilized approaches. During the question-and-answer period, one of the viewers asked me for a technique for flying a traditional non-precision approach profile, that is, a steep descent from the final approach fix (FAF) to leveling off at the minimum descent altitude (MDA) and flying level until reaching the missed approach point (MAP). I answered the question with recommended pitch attitudes, power settings, airplane configurations and airspeeds appropriate to his airplane type for the old-school “dive and drive”-style approach.

The next morning, I opened my email to find a long missive from another webinar viewer, taking me to task for describing this “unsafe” descent profile. After all, the viewer wrote, the FAA now calls for a constant angle, constant-rate descent from the FAF to the MAP—a stabilized approach—even on an approach procedure that does not include an electronic glidepath. I answered that person’s question as well, and thought it worthwhile to delve deeper into the skills and procedures needed to fly a stabilized, non-precision approach.

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