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Non-Precision Stability

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Non-precision approach philosophy has shifted from the "dive and drive" method (steep descent to MDA, then level) to a safer, "stabilized constant-angle descent" from the Final Approach Fix (FAF) to the Missed Approach Point (MAP), as favored by current FAA standards.
  • The stabilized approach concept is promoted for enhancing safety by minimizing operational variables and improving pilot situational awareness during the final approach segment.
  • Flying a constant-angle descent on non-precision approaches without electronic glidepath is complex, requiring pilots to calculate variable descent rates and carefully manage altitude constraints like MDA, initiating a missed approach above MDA to prevent unintended descent below it.
  • The author, though supporting stability, finds the calculation-intensive nature of constant-angle non-precision approaches impractical and suggests a more straightforward, fixed-rate descent to MDA followed by level flight or a shallower visual descent as a safer alternative.
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I presented a webinar recently about techniques for flying stabilized approaches. During the question-and-answer period, one of the viewers asked me for a technique for flying a traditional non-precision approach profile, that is, a steep descent from the final approach fix (FAF) to leveling off at the minimum descent altitude (MDA) and flying level until reaching the missed approach point (MAP). I answered the question with recommended pitch attitudes, power settings, airplane configurations and airspeeds appropriate to his airplane type for the old-school “dive and drive”-style approach.

The next morning, I opened my email to find a long missive from another webinar viewer, taking me to task for describing this “unsafe” descent profile. After all, the viewer wrote, the FAA now calls for a constant angle, constant-rate descent from the FAF to the MAP—a stabilized approach—even on an approach procedure that does not include an electronic glidepath. I answered that person’s question as well, and thought it worthwhile to delve deeper into the skills and procedures needed to fly a stabilized, non-precision approach.

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