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Secondary Controls

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Secondary flight controls like flaps and trim, while not primary for basic aircraft manipulation, are critical systems whose failures can create serious in-flight emergencies.
  • Wing flap systems (manual, electric, hydraulic) have various failure modes; asymmetric or "split-flap" deployments are particularly hazardous, potentially causing roll control issues and necessitating higher approach speeds.
  • Electric pitch trim systems carry a significant risk of "runaway" failures, demanding immediate pilot action to disable the system and apply substantial control forces to regain aircraft stability.
  • Pilots must possess thorough system knowledge, utilize checklists, and practice emergency procedures for secondary control failures, as these can quickly escalate into primary safety concerns.
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One the things every primary student learns somewhere along the way to their certificate is the difference between primary and secondary flight controls. Distinguishing between them isn’t hard: The primary flight controls are ailerons/spoilers for roll, an elevator/stabilator/canard for pitch and some kind of rudder for yaw. Those are the controls we regularly manipulate to put the airplane where we want it to be.

It’s easy to simply toss every other control system available to the pilot into a big basket labeled “secondary.” And it’s not inaccurate. We’re talking, of course, about systems like wing flaps and trim, perhaps spoilers and perhaps some kind of leading-edge device, though both of the latter are relatively uncommon in the fleet as a whole. Labeling these controls as secondary doesn’t mean they’re harmless: When they fail, they can create their own mischief, and this will serve as your regular reminder that there’s no substitute for thorough systems knowledge of anything you fly.

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