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Avionics Systems Issues

Modern IMUs using MEMS are compact and far less expensive than their predecessors.
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Flight-critical information (attitude, heading, airspeed, and altitude) in modern integrated cockpits is generated by systems like AHRS, ADC, and GPS, with less accurate MEMS-based AHRS requiring "aiding" from external sensors.
  • System robustness and fault tolerance depend on redundancy, with G1000 AHRS, for example, using multiple independent sources (GPS, air data, magnetometry) to aid and monitor its MEMS sensors.
  • Single points of failure, such as the loss of a sole aiding input or a blocked pitot/static line, can lead to a complete loss of flight-critical data or dangerously erroneous readings, potentially affecting integrated functions like envelope protection.
  • Pilots must possess deep system knowledge, maintain a disciplined scan, and be prepared to utilize backup procedures (e.g., standby instruments, known pitch/power settings, alternate static source, ATC assistance) to effectively manage such critical failures.
See a mistake? Contact us.

Flight-critical information for IFR flying includes attitude, heading, airspeed, and altitude. Navigation information is high on the needs list but is not as critical as the previous items. The same is true for communications. The criticality generally follows the doctrine of aviate, navigate, and then communicate. Likewise, the FAA system safety analysis (required for equipment certifications) places the highest criticality requirements on attitude, heading, airspeed and altitude.

Here, I’ll first explain how the flight-critical data is generated in today’s digitally integrated cockpits, possible failure modes, and then I will dig into possible propagation of a failure across other functions in an integrated system. Last, I will discuss recommendations for handling the situation.

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