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Rating a Turboprop’s Power

A look at the most popular general aviation turboprop engine, the Pratt & Whitney PT6, how it operates, and what is meant by thermodynamic rating and shaft horsepower (shp).

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Key Takeaways:

  • Turboprop engine power involves two key measures: certified Shaft Horsepower (shp), limited by the airframe and gearbox, and the engine's higher potential Thermodynamic Power, restricted by internal temperature and RPM.
  • "Flat rating" is the practice of capping the engine's shp, allowing the excess thermodynamic power to be used to maintain full rated power at higher altitudes or temperatures, thereby improving climb rates and cruise speeds.
  • Modern turboprop engines, such as the PT6, achieve greater thermodynamic capacity through improved materials and aerodynamics, enabling significant performance upgrades (like increased speed and climb) even within the same physical footprint and shp limits.
See a mistake? Contact us.

Because of the number of queries we receive over the years, there are a great many questions about how the power output of turboprop engines is determined. With ever more powerful engines being installed at the factory in the TBM and PC-12 singles, and conversions offered on existing twins by Blackhawk and others, it’s understandable that pilots are confused.

To understand what’s going on with the performance improvements from the more powerful Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines involved, you need to know that there are two fundamental measures of power. The most basic measure of power—and the one listed in the airplane specifications—is the maximum shaft horsepower (shp) of the engine. The other element in the power equation is how much power the engine can potentially produce at sea level on a standard 15 degree Celsius day, which are the international standard atmosphere (ISA) conditions.

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