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Winter on Watch

Broad-scale weather patterns impact the Eastern U.S. in the colder months.

As the large-scale weather patterns transition from the hurricane season, pilots' thoughts turn to colder events. [Adobe Stock]
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The Southeastern U.S. transitions to a distinct cold-season weather pattern, bringing increased icing, potent frontal systems, and occasional severe thunderstorms, departing from summertime conditions.
  • Nor'easters are major cold-season weather events (Oct-Apr) impacting the eastern U.S. with heavy precipitation and strong winds, categorized by specific tracks (Miller A/B) that influence effects like Appalachian ice storms.
  • Mountain waves frequently occur in the Appalachians during the cold season, typically causing laminar up/down drafts affecting altitude, but pilots should monitor for rare severe turbulence.
  • Pilots in the region should prepare for stronger crosswinds and be aware of late-season severe convection and continued icing concerns as winter transitions into spring, despite improved visibility.
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Southeast Start

As convective SIGMETs morph into G-AIRMETs for airframe ice, pilots flying in the Southeastern U.S., including the southern Appalachians, should expect a marked change from summertime weather as the upper-air pattern amplifies, the fall colors wane, and the cold season approaches. October and November are what meteorologists call transition months as the jetstream migrates south out of Canada.

With each passing month during the winter, the in-creasing upper-level flow reaches well into the Deep South. The freezing level transitions from the lower flight levels in September to near the surface by the early part of December over a large portion of the northern tier of states—as forecast discussions are dominated by uncertainty about the precipitation type that will reach the surface.

Scott Dennstaedt, Ph.D

Scott resides in Charlotte, North Carolina, and flies regularly throughout the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast U.S. He is a CFI and former NWS meteorologist. Scott is the author of "The Skew-T log (p) and Me: A Primer for Pilots" and the founder of EZWxBrief.

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