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States And Trends

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Precision flight requires pilots to understand both the aircraft's current "state" (its position relative to a target) and its "trend" (where it is going).
  • While pilots are generally proficient at assessing state, many struggle with trend management, which is crucial for making smooth, controlled corrections rather than over-controlling.
  • Mastering trend management involves making small, deliberate adjustments (e.g., using heading bug edges for course, controlled vertical speed changes for glide path) to establish and maintain a desired trajectory, leading to smoother, safer, and more precise flying.
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Pilots tend to be pretty good at noting the airplane’s state, that is, whether it is high or low, left or right of target for instrument and visual approaches. Instructors are pretty good at teaching awareness of the airplane’s state, and pointing it out during flight training—“you’re left of course,” “check your altitude,” etc. In my instructional experience, however, most pilots are less aware of the airplane’s trend, and many instructors are not so great at teaching trend management. 

Evaluating both state and trend is vital to precision flight—identifying not only whether you are high on the approach, for example, or even precisely on course and glide path, but also whether your current trend is to make a smooth correction, or to keep the needles centered, or maintain the PAPI’s red over white. Learning to detect and use both state and trend for all aspects of your flying is vital to being a smoother, safer and more precise pilot.

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