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Partial Power Failure

Yes, you may have more options with a partial power loss instead of complete engine failure, but don’t get fancy.

Reno Crash Reno Crash
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Partial engine failures are dynamic and nuanced, potentially more dangerous than total failures due to a false sense of security, requiring pilots to take immediate and decisive action.
  • In a single-engine aircraft, treat a partial failure by troubleshooting while establishing best glide speed, maintaining altitude as long as possible, and planning a high-altitude circling descent to a suitable runway.
  • In multi-engine aircraft, it is often safer to promptly secure (shut down and feather) the partially failed engine, especially before its RPM drops too low to prevent feathering, rather than trying to utilize minimal power.
  • Regardless of aircraft type, maximize available options by maintaining altitude as long as possible, and be aware that executing a go-around with a compromised engine is extremely risky due to severely reduced performance.
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The one time I suffered an engine failure, it was partial, not total. One cylinder’s intake valve spontaneously disassembled itself—a neat trick for a one-piece component—leaving the other five jugs to continue merrily along, albeit with some major vibration and a distinct power loss. I had plenty of altitude and enough engine power to reach a nearby 9000-foot-long runway after a couple of 360-degree turns to lose altitude. (Pro tip: Keep as much altitude as you can as long as you can until descending for the runway in such a situation.) The airplane was even able to taxi off the runway and to the ramp under its own power. Regardless, we were done flying that day. 

Of course, one pilot’s partial power failure is another’s partial failure. In this instance, pieces of the former valve spread throughout the intake system and into a balance tube, and acted as a flapper valve, interfering with the airflow to the cylinders on that side of the engine. It was kind of like the old joke about a car’s turn signal. “Yeah, it’s on; Wait, no it isn’t. Okay, now it’s back on again….”

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