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METAR Observations

Just when you thought you were getting the hang of it, you discover there’s more to learn. But we’re here to help you.

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Key Takeaways:

  • METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) is an international aviation weather code, adopted by the U.S. in 1996, providing scheduled or special (SPECI) reports vital for flight planning and safety.
  • A METAR report comprises sections like identifier, time, wind, visibility, present weather, sky condition, temperature, dew point, and altimeter setting, each encoded with specific data.
  • Reports can be fully automated (AUTO) or human-augmented; automated systems have limitations, especially in assessing prevailing visibility and comprehensive sky conditions due to localized observation.
  • Pilots should understand nuances like wind direction reporting (true vs. magnetic north in different contexts), various pressure measurements, and the often useful, but sometimes obscure, "Remarks" section for complete weather awareness.
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Every time you prepare for a flight, you’re probably reviewing some METAR reports. But just how much do you know about these bulletins? Where do they come from? Hopefully we’ll fill in some of the gaps in your knowledge and in the process help make your flights a little bit safer.

METAR is short for Meteorological Aerodrome Report. It’s an international code form developed in the post-WWII years by the World Meteorological Organization. The United States, always preferring to do its own thing, used its own code form, called “airways code” or SAO code. You’ll occasionally see this in old training material. That airways code format is now a relic of the past, having been abandoned in 1996 when the United States switched over to METAR and TAF code.

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