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Helicopter Wakes

Helicopters like the Bell 412 operated by the City of Los Angeles shown at right generate a wake much stronger than their relative size might suggest. Think about how much air has to move to support a helicopter with a takeoff weight close to 12,000 lbs., and that’s what you’re dealing with. Lighter helicopters also produce a substantial wake.
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Helicopter wake turbulence (rotor wash), particularly when hovering or moving slowly, is a potent and radially spreading force that poses a significant, often underestimated, hazard to fixed-wing aircraft.
  • Multiple documented incidents demonstrate that helicopter wake can cause severe loss of control and accidents for smaller airplanes, even when the helicopter is on a taxiway or has recently departed.
  • There is a recognized lack of specific FAA wake turbulence separation criteria for small airplanes following helicopters, emphasizing the need for pilots to exercise extreme caution and maintain substantial separation (treating helicopters like non-heavy jets).
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Long ago and far away, my T-hangar at a busy reliever airport outside Washington, D.C., was across from where a nearby county’s law enforcement and emergency medical services helicopter operation was based. Since I was at the end of the hangar row, they were well within 100 yards. The ’copter, a Bell 412 as I recall, came and went on an unpredictable schedule, as they do, and always seemed to come and go when my hangar door was open. It was close enough that the dust, small gravel and other loose items it stirred up easily found their way inside. I expressed my displeasure on several occasions.

But it was educational: I learned there’s a lot of force in the wake that 412 generated and that I really don’t want my airplane within its range. The thing is, the wake generated by a hovering helicopter isn’t something most pilots think about, since it’s just another aircraft moving slowly around the ramp before it departs. But hovering without any forward motion is one of the times when a helicopter’s wake production is at its greatest. And it doesn’t trail out behind it, as with an airplane—but radiates in all directions.

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