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Helicopter Wakes

Helicopters like the Bell 412 operated by the City of Los Angeles shown at right generate a wake much stronger than their relative size might suggest. Think about how much air has to move to support a helicopter with a takeoff weight close to 12,000 lbs., and that’s what you’re dealing with. Lighter helicopters also produce a substantial wake.
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Helicopter wake turbulence (rotor wash) is a powerful and often underestimated hazard, especially when hovering, as it radiates in all directions and can cause severe loss of control for fixed-wing aircraft.
  • Numerous incidents from aviation safety reports demonstrate these dangers, including crashes causing substantial damage and serious injury, partly due to a noted lack of specific FAA wake turbulence separation criteria for helicopters.
  • Pilots should maintain significant separation from helicopters, particularly when they are hovering (e.g., at least 500 feet downwind for small aircraft) or during critical phases like takeoff/landing, treating their wake with caution similar to or greater than that of a non-heavy jet.
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Long ago and far away, my T-hangar at a busy reliever airport outside Washington, D.C., was across from where a nearby county’s law enforcement and emergency medical services helicopter operation was based. Since I was at the end of the hangar row, they were well within 100 yards. The ’copter, a Bell 412 as I recall, came and went on an unpredictable schedule, as they do, and always seemed to come and go when my hangar door was open. It was close enough that the dust, small gravel and other loose items it stirred up easily found their way inside. I expressed my displeasure on several occasions.

But it was educational: I learned there’s a lot of force in the wake that 412 generated and that I really don’t want my airplane within its range. The thing is, the wake generated by a hovering helicopter isn’t something most pilots think about, since it’s just another aircraft moving slowly around the ramp before it departs. But hovering without any forward motion is one of the times when a helicopter’s wake production is at its greatest. And it doesn’t trail out behind it, as with an airplane—but radiates in all directions.

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