Declaring the Big E

If there was ever a 400-pound gorilla that dared pilots to ignore their checklists, procedures and situational awareness, its the emergency. Pilots often practice What if … but when it really happens its more like What the hell? If there was ever a time to lean on ATC, this is it. There are no limits to the types of emergency scenarios and, therefore, no single response from ATC. The ATC rulebook (FAA Order 7110.65) recognizes this in paragraph 10-1-1 (d): Because of the infinite variety of possible emergency situations, specific procedures cannot be prescribed. However, when you believe an emergency exists or is imminent, select and pursue a course of action that appears to be most appropriate under the circumstances. We controllers have extensive information, resources and people at our disposal, but were out of the picture unless you tell us whats going on and ask for what you need.

Key Takeaways:

• Pilots must proactively declare an emergency (e.g., "Mayday" or "I'm declaring an emergency") and clearly communicate vital information, including callsign, the nature of the emergency, and their specific needs, using plain language if necessary.
• ATC functions as a vital support system, offering extensive resources like information, vectors, and coordination of rescue services, but can only provide effective assistance when pilots clearly articulate their situation and requests.
• The pilot in command retains ultimate authority (FAR 91.3) to deviate from rules or ATC instructions in an emergency for safety, and should squawk 7700 and broadcast on 121.5 if primary ATC contact is lost, providing clear geographical references.

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