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IFR to VFR-on-Top

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • VFR-on-top clearances offer pilots flexibility to fly above localized low clouds for activities like maneuvers or sightseeing, while maintaining an IFR flight plan and receiving ATC services.
  • Operating VFR-on-top requires adherence to *both* IFR regulations (e.g., minimum altitudes, ATC adherence, position reporting) and VFR rules (e.g., weather minimums, cloud/traffic separation, VFR altitudes).
  • Pilots can obtain VFR-on-top by filing it in the flight plan's remarks, requesting an IFR climb to VFR-on-top from ATC, or requesting it after penetrating the cloud layer, though it's restricted in certain airspace like Class A.
  • Once established VFR-on-top, pilots must inform ATC, maintain VFR weather minimums, select an appropriate VFR altitude (above minimum IFR altitudes), and communicate any altitude changes or maneuvering blocks.
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These days, with GPS-direct clearances available for IFR flights, you may think that filing for a VFR-on-top clearance doesn’t make sense. And being governed by both VFR and IFR rules may not sound particularly attractive either. But there are times when these clearances can be very handy. When there are localized low clouds, as there often are in coastal areas, you may want to file a VFR-on-top flight plan simply to get out of the airport environment and to an area where you can practice maneuvers, sightsee or whatever it is you wish to do without the restraint of specific headings or altitudes. Or if you want to have a little bit more flexibility with your route, controllers may be more inclined to allow you to take shortcuts since you have the ability to see and avoid traffic.

VFR-on-top should not be confused with VFR over-the-top, which refers to flying over a cloud layer in VFR operations and not on an IFR flight plan. You could, however, file a VFR-on-top flight plan and cancel IFR once you’re in VFR conditions, if you so wish, just as you could with any IFR flight plan. But once you cancel IFR the services you receive from ATC will be more limited. ATC also has no obligation to continue giving you flight following should the controller get too busy. If that is the case, the controller could drop you out of the system — something he or she can’t do if you’re still flying under IFR rules. So there is a benefit to maintaining that IFR flight plan and staying VFR-on-top.

Pia Bergqvist

Pia Bergqvist joined FLYING in December 2010. A passionate aviator, Pia started flying in 1999 and quickly obtained her single- and multi-engine commercial, instrument and instructor ratings. After a decade of working in general aviation, Pia has accumulated almost 3,000 hours of flight time in nearly 40 different types of aircraft.

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