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Airspeed And Ground Reference Maneuvers

The idea is to adjust your bank angle to compensate for changing groundspeeds, which depend on your airspeed.  

This file contains chapter 4, 5, and 6 of the handbook.
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Key Takeaways:

  • The article details the complexity of airspeed, differentiating between Indicated (IAS), Calibrated (CAS), True (TAS), and Groundspeed (GS), and their respective roles in flight performance and planning.
  • A crucial point is that critical flight speeds (e.g., takeoff, landing) are based on Indicated Airspeed (IAS) and remain constant for a given aircraft weight, irrespective of variations in density altitude, despite corresponding changes in True Airspeed (TAS).
  • Ground reference maneuvers, such as "Turns Around a Point" and "On-Pylon 8s," serve as practical applications to understand the interplay of airspeed, groundspeed, and wind, requiring pilots to adjust bank angle or altitude to maintain a consistent ground track.
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Many flight instructors dread airspeed. Don’t get me wrong; We like having the right airspeed on approach, but airspeed is a hard concept to teach. It’s hard to teach because it’s actually a handful of concepts. Even experienced pilots get confused about airspeed and the different types. Knowing which airspeed concept to apply and when can simplify a lot of the mysteries of flying. And for some operations, we adjust airspeed to obtain the desired groundspeed. Confused yet?

Students working toward a private pilot certificate do turns around a point; those working on a commercial certificate do on-pylon 8s. These maneuvers sharpen stick-and-rudder skills, and they illustrate the different concepts of airspeed in ways that you can see in action. Let’s review.

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