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The Emergency Mindset

Despite multiple passes through the checklist trying to extend this Cessna T210M's landing gear, the pilot was forced to declare an emergency and land with only the nose wheel extended. There were no injuries to the pilot or his three passengers. Examination revealed a damaged hose had leaked the system's hydraulic fluid. Image courtesy NTSB.

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Declaring an emergency, particularly by voicing it aloud, is vital for the pilot to enter an "emergency mindset," which fosters a commitment to safely landing the aircraft and triggers trained responses.
  • This emergency mindset is crucial for clear decision-making, preventing indecision or returning to routine, and committing to the safest course of action (e.g., landing at the closest airport) as demonstrated by the Pilatus PC-12 accident.
  • While Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a valuable resource for support, the primary benefit of declaring an emergency is for the pilot to internalize the situation and initiate a disciplined, comprehensive response, as ATC's authority and services don't significantly change post-declaration.
  • The "emergency mindset" prepares pilots for an entire sequence of actions, recognizing that an emergency is a multi-step process from detection through safe landing and passenger evacuation, not just a single checklist item.
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I learned a lot about flying airplanes while working 60 feet underground. I served as a missile launch control officer in the U.S. Air Force in the waning days of the Cold War. We worked in two-person crews, a commander and a deputy, behind a sealed blast door in a small room filled with old-school electronics that ran hot. A huge, forced air cooling system did its best to control the heat. But the possibility of fire in that confined space was always there, either from the electronics themselves, malfunction of the air conditioning unit that cooled them, or other scenarios. Consequently we learned to recognize overheats and potential overheats very rapidly, and were trained to follow practiced emergency procedures swiftly and correctly while using detailed emergency procedures checklists (“EPs”).  

One of the key elements of our monthly training in a Missiles Procedures Trainer simulator, and our so-called “annual” checkride evaluations (because of crew partner changes, crew upgrades and systems changes I had eight “annual” evaluations in my four years on launch crew), was to voice aloud when you detected an “entering argument”—a status change requiring the use of an EP. Once you and your crew partner called it aloud, for example, “Electrical Fire or Overheat,” your job was to make it to the bottom of the applicable checklist as quickly as possible. Stating the nature of the scenario verbally was designed primarily to communicate with your crew partner and get agreement on the status. But I found actually saying “Electrical Fire or Overheat” out loud had a noticeable additional benefit: it put me in the emergency mindset. 

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