Forgotten tow bars create extreme safety hazards upon landing, emphasizing the critical importance of always removing them before flight.
GPS "+V" vertical guidance on non-precision approaches (e.g., LNAV, LP) is a non-surveyed, pilot-convenience feature; pilots must still adhere to the published MDA and all underlying approach restrictions, as it is not a precision approach.
When flying localizer-based courses, AC 90-108 requires primary reference to raw localizer data, even if RNAV guidance is also displayed, clarifying the legal limits for using GPS as a substitute or alternate.
Reference September’s article, “Do You Know ICAO?” It might be interesting to note that, while the FAA usually follows ICAO standards, particularly for navigation, the FAA’s computer navigation fixes (an “×” on our instrument charts) are neither adopted nor recognized by ICAO.
Adam Vance
Allston, MA
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