Pilots must explicitly request Special VFR (SVFR) clearance, which is granted on a traffic-permitting basis with IFR operations taking precedence.
SVFR clearances are available in Class B, C, D, and E surface airspaces, with ATC providing separation from IFR traffic only while the aircraft is within the cleared airspace.
SVFR clearances do not include a specific altitude, as pilots must remain clear of clouds, but may impose altitude restrictions for traffic that still permit flight at or above minimum safe altitude.
If you still have questions after perusing FAR 91.157, the FAA’s Aeronautical Information Manual may help. Highlights from its discussion (at para. 4-4-6) include:
1. Pilots must request an SVFR clearance; ATC won’t offer it (although controllers may hint at it: ”Is there anything special we can do for you today?”).
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