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Calculated Sopwith Camel

** Sopwith Camel (Photo by Gavin Conroy)**
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The article investigates the legend that the WWI Sopwith Camel, a premier dogfighter, was severely reluctant to turn right, allegedly preferring a 270-degree left turn due to its unique rotary engine's gyroscopic couple.
  • Experimental flight testing on a reproduction Sopwith Camel, utilizing modern data acquisition, aimed to objectively measure its flight characteristics and assess the impact of the rotary engine.
  • The tests revealed that while left rolls were initially quicker, the steady rates for both left and right turns were comparable, effectively debunking the myth that the Camel couldn't perform tight right turns and confirming pilots could manage the gyroscopic forces.
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One of the legends clinging to the Sopwith Camel is that it was so reluctant to turn 90 degrees to the right that pilots preferred making a 270 to the left. Now, this is being said about the airplane that is widely regarded as the premier dogfighter of World War I. You have to wonder whether such roundabout tactics were practical when you had a Fokker on your tail.

The cause of this alleged misbehavior was the Camel’s rotary engine. The rotary — not the Mazda or Wankel rotary but the quite distinct type that was used on most of the fighters of World War I — reminds me of those light-bulb-changing jokes in which one person of the nationality to be denigrated climbs the ladder to insert the bulb and then several others turn the ladder. At rest, the rotary looks like any air-cooled radial; in operation, it becomes a blur because the crankshaft stands still and the entire engine — crankcase, cylinders, pistons and all — spins around it.

Peter Garrison

Peter Garrison taught himself to use a slide rule and tin snips, built an airplane in his backyard, and flew it to Japan. He began contributing to FLYING in 1968, and he continues to share his columns, ""Technicalities"" and ""Aftermath,"" with FLYING readers.

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