Register

Flying Along on a Cushion of Grease

For airplanes, ground effect comes into play only during certain brief parts of a flight. Not so for wingships.

Despite considerable government support in the early 1990s, the Russian ekranoplan program, of which this Strizh was a part, came to nothing. Blame it on ground effect.
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Ground effect is an aerodynamic phenomenon that primarily reduces induced drag when an aircraft's wing flies very close to a surface, rather than providing a "cushion of air" or significant extra lift.
  • This effect was notably utilized by experimental Russian "ekranoplans" or wingships, which are designed to operate continuously within ground effect for improved efficiency, though the benefit diminishes at higher speeds.
  • For conventional aircraft, ground effect causes "floating" during landing due to reduced drag, and poses a hazard during takeoff by allowing an aircraft to become airborne without sufficient power to climb safely out of ground effect.
See a mistake? Contact us.

In 1993, an assignment from FLYING took me unusually far afield. Somewhere east of Moscow, in the center of a land that had recently ceased to be the Soviet Union and was trying to figure out what it meant to be Russia again, I clung with one hand to my camera and the other to the doorframe of a radial-engined Antonov biplane as it flew low over the Volga.

Alongside and below me flew a Strizh. My Russian dictionary, a relic of college days, translates strizh as “martin” or “sand martin.” Another source offers “martlet,” which is certainly incorrect. Some kind of bird, at any rate. But this strizh was not a bird. It was an airplane of a special kind that the Russians called an ekranoplan.

Peter Garrison

Peter Garrison taught himself to use a slide rule and tin snips, built an airplane in his backyard, and flew it to Japan. He began contributing to FLYING in 1968, and he continues to share his columns, ""Technicalities"" and ""Aftermath,"" with FLYING readers.

Ready to Sell Your Aircraft?

List your airplane on AircraftForSale.com and reach qualified buyers.

List Your Aircraft
AircraftForSale Logo | FLYING Logo
Pilot in aircraft
Sign-up for newsletters & special offers!

Get the latest stories & special offers delivered directly to your inbox.

SUBSCRIBE