An aviation’s early days, there were few if any regulatory criteria on designs and operations. Pilots and maintenance personnel were up to their own on deciding what limits they would adhere to. Accidents were plentiful and often unnecessary. The public demanded that safety be improved, and government, engineers and the military stepped in to establish limits as aviation became more advanced.
Manufacturers responded to the demand, a process greatly accelerated by World War Two. Engineering started with design analysis using the parameters requested by the customer to come up with an aircraft that fulfilled the request. Sometimes in-flight or structural testing revealed a bad design and accidents occurred.
