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High-Density Altitude Departure Stall

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • A Cirrus SR20 stalled during a crosswind-to-downwind turn in the traffic pattern at a high-density altitude airport, resulting in a fatal instructor injury and serious student injury despite parachute deployment.
  • The NTSB determined the probable cause was the student pilot exceeding the airplane's critical angle of attack during a turn, combined with the flight instructor's delayed remedial action.
  • Contributing factors included maintaining insufficient airspeed (due to a high nose attitude, extended flaps, and a steep bank at low airspeed) in a high-density altitude environment, underscoring the dangers of power-on stalls at low altitudes.
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Remember departure stalls? According to the FAA’s Airplane Flying Handbook, they’re a power-on stall demonstration, typically begun at liftoff speed. The pilot then adds climb power, raises the nose and coordinates the flight controls “until the full stall occurs.” The FAA’s private pilot airmen certification standards publication wants the pilot to acknowledge “cues of the impending stall and then recover promptly after a full stall occurs.”

In our experience, power-on stalls can occur much more quickly than the power-off variety, and are more enthusiastic, for two reasons. First, with climb or full power, there’s much more air flowing over a conventional single’s tail, which makes the rudder and pitch control more effective. The higher deck angle, in turn, results in a greater range of pitch change at the stall break. Second, the engine’s higher output means greater torque and P-factor, which can force the airplane to rotate about its vertical axis with more energy. If the pilot fails to maintain fully coordinated flight during the stall entry, the likelihood of an incipient spin is greater.

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