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Rectangular Wings

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • The article defends rectangular "Hershey Bar" wings, challenging common assumptions that tapered designs are inherently superior for general aviation aircraft.
  • Tapered wings often suffer from dangerous tip stalls due to Reynolds Number effects at their narrower tips, necessitating drag-increasing modifications that negate their theoretical aerodynamic benefits.
  • Rectangular wings naturally stall from the root, providing safer, more forgiving flight characteristics, and can achieve efficient, near-elliptical lift distributions with simple washout.
  • The structural, weight, and performance advantages commonly attributed to tapered wings are argued to be negligible or offset by other factors and the manufacturing simplicity of rectangular designs.
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In random reading about matters aeronautical I have twice come across essays in defense of rectangular wings. Not coincidentally, perhaps, both were by men who had taken part in the design of the Piper Cherokee, the airplane whose thick rectangular wing gave a new application to the name “Hershey Bar.” The first essay was by the late John Thorp, best known as the designer of the T-18 homebuilt. The second was by Karl Bergey, who is, among other things, emeritus professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Oklahoma.

Bergey is building a fast, high-performance homebuilt that happens to use a Cherokee wing?the original stubby rectangular one, before they added the tapered outer panels. So many people found the combination of “fast” and “rectangular wing” incongruous that Bergey felt obliged to put his case in writing.

Peter Garrison

Peter Garrison taught himself to use a slide rule and tin snips, built an airplane in his backyard, and flew it to Japan. He began contributing to FLYING in 1968, and he continues to share his columns, ""Technicalities"" and ""Aftermath,"" with FLYING readers.

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