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Finding Right Approach Speed Is Essential for Pilots

Hardly a one-speed-fits-all, the correct one to fly varies with landing weight.

Stable approaches begin by flying the precise speed for the conditions and configurations. [Adobe Stock]
Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • General aviation pilots, including instrument-rated ones, frequently make high-energy (fast) approaches and landings, often unnecessarily, a persistent issue highlighted by decades of research.
  • These fast approaches significantly increase the risk of landing accidents, leading to runway excursions, prop strikes, and more severe injuries or fatalities due to higher impact forces.
  • Contributing factors include outdated training assumptions, misinterpretations of POH VREF values (which often don't account for actual aircraft weight), and pilot discomfort with slower airspeeds, necessitating a focus on stabilized approaches and adjusting VREF for current weight.
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Our training for the instrument ticket focused on flying by reference to instruments, how to shoot approaches, holds, etc. By that point pilots were presumed to have mastered the art of landing, so who needed any more instruction on that? (Or, so the argument goes.).

Your approach speed is an essential precursor to a good landing, even—or, perhaps, especially—for an instrument pilot. More specifically, fast (aka high-energy) approaches, can be requested by ATC and become a trap and possibly lead to a bent airplane or, worse still, a fatal outcome. Let’s start by looking at that trap.

Douglas Boyd

Douglas Boyd is an Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University adjunct research professor.

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