How to Become an Air Traffic Controller

ATCs have an exciting and rewarding job, but the path to becoming one can be long and challenging.

Andrew Chen

Wednesday, April 02, 2025 at 10:26 AM ET

Verified

Edited By:

Travis Tingle

In the United States, most civilian ATCs are FAA employees. [Courtesy: Shutterstock]

Key Takeaways:

Becoming an Air Traffic Controller requires critical skills like adaptability, clear communication, and the ability to work under pressure, alongside strict FAA eligibility criteria including U.S. citizenship, education/experience, and physical/mental fitness.
The path involves a multi-stage application process with aptitude tests and clearances, followed by intensive training at the FAA Academy and continued on-the-job training at a facility, which can take several years for full certification.
It is a challenging yet highly rewarding career offering competitive salaries, with a median pay for certified controllers over $137,000 annually, and opportunities for advancement, though relocation is often required.

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Air traffic controllers play a crucial role in the global aviation system. Whether they are directing aircraft on the ground at a busy airport or giving clearances to planes flying at cruising altitude, these aviation professionals work hard to keep our skies safe.

The job of an air traffic controller (ATC) is a challenging and oftentimes stressful one. At the same time, it can be a rewarding and exciting career choice. Here is what you need to know about becoming an air traffic controller.