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The Right Time to Fuel

By Robert Goyer / Published: Sep 25, 2012
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We often preach about how important it is to have enough fuel to get to your destination — odd that running out of gas should stubbornly continue to be a cause of accidents — but there's a flip side to having enough fuel to get where you're going: having too much fuel too soon.

For years I used to top off the airplane when I got back from a trip, expecting that I'd just be hopping back in the cockpit again all by myself for my next journey. Then one time an unexpected family trip came up, along with the all the bags and kids and more bags and sure enough, I had too much fuel.

De-fueling is no fun and it takes time. Had I instead waited until the day before my next flight, I could have very easily have asked the line guys to fill it to the tabs, and everybody would have been much happier. (I wonder how many flights have staggered out over gross weight under these same conditions.)

The other consideration is time of day. If you fuel when it's cool but wait to fly until it's hot, you'll be losing fuel as it expands and exits the fuel vents. That's another time it would have been wise to wait.

Of course, you need to be smart, too. Don't wait if there's any question about whether you'll be able to get service before your flight — my FBO at Austin Executive (Henrikson Jet Center) is open 24/7, so all I have to do is give them a call an hour before I launch and I’m golden. But if you're not sure how much fuel you'll need, by all means be patient.

Not having enough fuel is the bigger issue, for sure, but you also don't want to have too much or, sometimes, the right amount but too soon.

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Michele's picture

And don't forget the issue of landing weight. My Aztec has a max gross of 5200 lbs. and a max landing weight of 4940. On a short flight loaded to max gross, you wouldn't want full fuel.

Gfaris's picture

I don’t mean to sound harsh, but I am surprised to read that Mr Goyer flew “for years” with this careless approach to fuel management. The concept of precise fuel calculation and verification as a pre-flight step, based on the numbers for that mission was drilled into me in my very early flight training, and I have stuck to it ever since. I once rented a plane, and was chewed out by the succeeding renter for not having refueled the plane before turning it over to him. I told him in no uncertain words that fuel management for his upcoming trip was his responsibility, as I had no idea where he was headed, how far or how he intended to load the plane. I will not take responsibility for creating a condition which entices another pilot to fly overweight. Fueling up after a flight can also induce a false sense of complacency, leading a pilot not to check before launching, but you could forget to fuel one day, or forget that you did not do it the previous day. Your fuel could be stolen (it happens). You must plan and know what’s in the wings based on the requirements of each particular flight.

petakas's picture

At the 4 seater single engine I own I usually - after the flight - refuel/leave in the tanks the quantity of avgas that will get me just below MTOW if we leatr embark 4 adults with some light luggage. This is 4.5 hours (to dry tanks) fuel from the 6.5 max my aircraft takes.

This means that for most of my flights I have enough safe fuel for any trip and I will never get caught on a MTOW case because of too much fuel.

For the few flights when we will be 2 or 3 people on board and need more fuel due to destination then I simply fill more from the 4.5 hours.

melody55's picture

Well, the above points are all good.
However, I fly a Mooney (1981) and because--over time--of possible drying out of the tank sealant when the plane sits too long with low fuel, I usually try to keep the tanks fairly full.

I agree it would be a pain in the butt to have to drain them for a heavily-loaded flight, but since I'm older & retired now I usually just fly alone or with a co-pilot so keeping the tanks topped up hasn't really been an issue for me.

If I ever did run into the problem of too-much fuel (causing too-much weight for a heavily-loaded trip) then I guess I'd have to siphon some fuel out, which doesn't strike me as a major problem since many years ago I bought a neat siphoning hose at Oshkosh & it works very well.
Yes, I have spare fuel containers in my hangar.

iused2fly's picture

People, not planes, run out of fuel because of poor flight planning and because their pilots are often impatient, less concerned about safety than getting somewhere on time. Wasn't that lesson one of airmanship class? Getting rid of those cheap automotive style gas gauges, which tend to read higher than actual load in the lower halves of their travel, and making totalizers mandatory equipment, would help reduce fuel exhaustion accidents/incidents. But your type-As will find a way to run out of gas because they're always in a hurry... too important to stop for gas. If you tend to be late for appointments and show up late for your own birthday party, you're in the high risk group for running out of gas. So, just don't! Nothing wrong with hitting an airport along the way to fuel up, nothing your ego can't deal with. Safety first.

I preferred to keep the fuel load about 10 gallons below the tabs in the Piper Arrow I flew regularly. That way I could fill the seats with normal sized folks and be quite sure I wouldn't exceed MTOW. A good rule of thumb is to calculate how much fuel you can carry with the seats full, minus the max weight of the baggage compartment. In other words, fill the last portion of your fuel load LAST, after your cabin load has been determined. And be aware of the aircraft's zero fuel weight.

How much fuel can be lost through venting, in the scenario Goyer describes? A few ounces, a gallon, or more than that? If its a few ounces, who cares? If its gallons, then I care! Tough to tell from this article. I'll consult the world wide web for that info,.

If you park your magic carpet for the cold months, better to keep the tanks closer to full, to avoid issues like melody55 described. Not sure what keeping those bladder tanks in 182s empty might mean, regarding tank maintenance and prevention.

I'm gassed just thinking about it.

Douglas M
Surrey, BC

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